The secrets of the Condensed Matters

The humanity has taken a long time and given a huge amount of effort to be at the present level of civilization, and is still making efforts in this direction.

It was not long ago when we were dancing in the dark on the beats of the folk tunes. But the way we have emerged is appreciable as we have ended the darkness to dance on the evolved folks.

This became possible only because of the small efforts contributed by a large number of smart individuals. And also it is sinful to unappreciate the emergence of technologies provided by the theories, like the one we are going to get familiar to in this blog.

Here I'll be talking about the theory of condensed matter physics. 

Before going further let me tell you that the material in this blog is the result of my research ( reading and understanding various online posts, research journals and books) on the topic at the P.G level of my education. Here I tried my best to collect the whole idea of the respective subject altogether.

A short history-

As one can easily interpret by the name of the subject that it is field that deals with those matters whose state of existence is condensed i.e the state in which the particles remains with each other as long as no external force is applied like that of solids and liquids.

Lets move on to some points regarding the historical existence of the subject-

1- In first decade of 19th century English chemist Humphry Davy observed that out of 40 chemical elements known at that time 26 had metallic propertie. This means atoms were not indivisible but have some internal structure.

He also claimed that some gases can be liquified under right conditions.

2- After this many scientists started working towards the liquification of gases.

3- In 1869 a chemist named Thomas Andrews studied the phase transition from liquid to gas and coined the term critical point that discribes the condition where a gas and a liquid were indistinguishable as phases. And Dutch physicist Jonnes van der Waals provided the theoretical structure that proceeds towards the understanding of critical behaviour based on measurements at much heigher temperature.

4- After this many famous scientists started working towards the direction like liquification of gases like Helium. And started studying about the properties of solids and liquids related to movement of electrons, such as magnetisation.

5- Later on in 1911, Onnes discovered superconductivity in Mercury (i.e electrical resistivity of Mercury vanishes at temperature below certain value).

6- After this a detailed array of researches followed the trend and are still on the way.

( For detailed historical outline you can reffer Wikipedia; history section of condensed matter physics)

7- Now, after these all excavation in this field the emergence of properties of matter like magnetisation occurred and introduced the matters which are diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic, antiferromagnetic, ferroelectric, superconductive etc.